Weaving in the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries & Chelaberd Carpet
By: meital tzvikon
Submitted: 2011-02-05 21:50:11 | Word Count: 915
Weaving in the 19th and 20th Centuries & Chelaberd Rugs
Caucasian weaving of the final one hundred eighty years is an advanced affair. There may be a unprecedented multiplicity of influences within the space; culture, ethnography, politics, religion, geography and local weather have all influenced rug weaving in the region. In recent years, the positive high quality of rugs has caused much research of weaving in this area and there may be now a effectively-organized physique of scholarship.
Basically, the designs and colors of Caucasian rugs are usually not in themselves ample to find out the place of birth with absolute certainty. There are, after all, some notably properly-documented designs which have been traced to supply, however they represent only a small part of the exceptionally wide selection of designs found in Caucasian weavings. The one essential think about figuring out the regions from which particular carpets originate is the type of wool used, and the length of pile. Heavy wool rugs are good insulators and the sheep reared in the mountainous districts grow heavier, shaggier and have longer fleece than those reared in the lowland areas. The rugs woven within the mountain villages have a richer, longer and heavier pile, and their colors are usually hotter. Thus the areas which produce long-piled rugs are Kazak, Gendje, Lesghi, and several other kinds of Karabagh; medium piles are discovered on Talish, Lenkoran and Daghestan weavings, and nice low pile on Shirvan, Kuba and Baku rugs.
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As to the proliferation of designs, there are some 350 different tribes in the area, speaking approximately one hundred fifty totally different dialects. The south-west, in the Armenia-kazak space, is peopled by Christian Armenians; in the south-east are Tartars of the Mongol descent, and Persians; to the north, the principal tribes are the Shirvans, Dagestans, Chechens and Lesghis, and to the north-west are Cherkesses (Circassians).
There are, after all, cultural and ethnic overlaps in all these areas. To offer some indication of the difficulty in ascribing explicit designs to specific areas, the Russian scholar S. Zerminov, in his examine Azerbaijan Carpets, gave the names of 123 villages within the southern and mid-Caucacus which produced carpets of distinctive design. For the entire of the Caucacus, we would probably need to multiply this figure by a factor of at least four. Many of the schematic animal motifs found in Caucasian weavings could be traced again centuries, and are in all probability of Scythian origin.
For convenience, it's attainable to divide the Caucacus into ten weaving areas : Kazak, Karabagh, Gendje, Talish, Moghan, Shirvan, Baku, Kuba, Daghestan and Derbend. It ought to be famous, however, that the generic name Kazak is commonly applied to a wide variety of Caucasian rugs, which have not essentially been woven within the Kazak district.
Chelaberd rugs are sometimes called Eagle Kazaks. Although the design of these rugs reveals an affinity to Kazak rugs, structurally, they are undisputedly Karabagh. The thick yarn utilized by weavers in these areas creates a superficial similarity to the weave patterns of the 2 types. The merchandise of this area have one of many few distinctive Caucasian weaves, consisting of weft threads after each two rows of knots. The Kazaks, however, all appear to have an irregular number of wefts, from to 4, after each row of knots.
Chelaberd rugs were made in the southeast Caucasus, bordering northern Persia. The Caucasus mountain vary stretches from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea in the area of contemporary-day Azerbaijan and southern Russia, and it is in the villages of those mountains that among the most highly collectible rugs originated.
Essentially the most collectable rugs and carpets from this space are those woven between 1800 and 1900. The late nineteenth century is the last hurrah for village and nomadic rugs. By the early twentieth century, they not used pure dyes, and the designs and weaving had been a lot less appealing. Chelaberd rugs had been predominantly made in traditional sizes equivalent to four’ x 6’ and 5’ x 7’…runners of this measurement were seldom woven on this tribal village. As a result, Chelaberd runners are very desirable and highly sought out by collectors.
The very best nineteenth-century Caucasian village rugs exhibit the inventiveness of the cottage-business weavers who created stylized versions of traditional design parts and used local supplies to their best advantage. Throughout this time, the usage of natural dyes was still a practiced artwork, leading to vivid colors. Design motifs such as sunburst medallions, dragons, and temple arches seem in most of the greatest village rugs.
The origin of the name “Eagle Kazak” has a number of explanations. The medallion design within the heart of the carpet is referred to as an Eagle design. There may be some resemblance between these medallions and the Russian double-headed eagle. The opposite (much less accepted) principle comes from the definition of Chelaberd itself. Some claim that Chelaberd means Eagle in the local dialect, a mix of Armenian, Russian and Arabic.
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